زبان تخصصی
زبان تخصصی کتاب های خلاصه منابع رشته علوم سیاسی به همراه مجموعه تست با پاسخنامه تشریحی برای کنکوریها
فصل اول لغات و اصطلاحات تخصصی علوم سیاسی
1. خلاص هی کتاب
International Relation Dictionary
(Plano)
ماهیت و نقش سیاست خارجی
1. Balance of Power: قدرت موازنه
The theory of Balance of Power has certain key aspects that have been agreed upon
throughout the literature on the subject. First of all, the main objective of states,
according to the Balance of Power theory is to secure their own safety, consistent with
political realism or the realist world-view. Secondly, states reach an equilibrium because
of this objective of self-preservation. States, by trying to avoid the dominance of one
particular state, will ally themselves with other states until an equilibrium is reached.
نظریهی موازنه قدرت، برخی جنبههای کلیدی دارد که در سراسـر تـاریخ ادبیـات ایـن موضـوع، دربـارهی آن بـه توافـق
رسیدهاند. نخست اینکه، بر اساس نظریه موازنه قدرت، مطابق واقعگرایی سیاسی یا جهانبینی واقعگرایانـه، هـدف اصـلی
دولتها تضمین امنیت خود است. و دیگر آنکه، دولتها به دلیل هدف تأمین بقا به تعادل میرسند. دولتها، ضمن تلاش
برای جلوگیری از تسلط یک دولت خاص خود را با سایر دولتها متحد میکنند تا زمانی که تعادل حاصل شود.
2. Bipolarity:
نظام دوقطبی
Bipolarity is a distribution of power in which two states have the majority of economic,
military, and cultural influence internationally or regionally. Often, spheres of influence
would develop. Rigid bipolarity characterized the balance of power system that emerged
after World War II. For example, in the Cold War, most Western and democratic states « 12» زبان تخصصی
would fall under the influence of the USA, while most Communist states would fall
under the influence of the USSR.
دوقطبی، نوعی توزیع قدرت است که در آن دو کشور در سطح بینالمللـی و منطقـهای دارای اکثریـت نفـوذ اقتصـادی،
نظامی و فرهنگی هستند. اغلب، حوزههای نفوذ توسعه مییابند. دوقطبی انعطافناپذیر مشخصـهی نظـام تعـادل قـدرتی
است که پس از جنگ جهانی دوم پدیدار گشت. برای مثال: در جنگ سرد، بیشتر کشورهای غربـی و دموکراتیـک تحـت
نفوذ ایالات متحده بودند، در حالی که بیشتر کشورهای کمونیستی تحت سیطرهی اتحاد جماهیر شوروی قرار داشتند.
3. Polycentrism:
نظام چندقطبی
Since 1960s, the rigidity of the bipolar model has tended to be moderated by the impact of
growing polycentrism. The return to polycentrism has meant the breakdown of U.S. and
Soviet domination of international politics within a bipolar system. Polycentrism means
that an increasing number of states are able to make independent decisions that affect the
level of tension in the word.
از دههی 1960، انعطافناپذیریِ الگوی دوقطبی، تحت تأثیر رشد نظام چندقطبی، رو به سوی تعـدیل تمایـل پیـدا کـرد.
بازگشت به نظام چندقطبی به معنای شکست استیلای سیاستهای بینالمللی ایالات متحده و اتحاد جماهیر شـوروی در
چارچوب نظام تکقطبی بود. نظام چندقطبی به معنای این است که شمارِ فزایندهی کشورها قادرند تصـمیمات مسـتقلی
را اتخاذ کنند که سطح تنش در روابط بینالملل را تحت تأثیر قرار . دهد
4. Foreign Office:
وزارت خارجه
The foreign office of any state is the vehicle through which the bulk of relations with
other countries is conducted.
وزات خارجهی هر کشور، سازمان واسطی است که بخش عمدهی مناسبات با سایر کشورها را هدایت می . کند زبان تخصصی «13»
5. Foreign Policy:
سیاست خارجی
A country's foreign policy, called the international relations policy, consists of strategies
chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve its goals in
international relations.
سیاست خارجی کشور، که سیاست روابط بینالملل نامیده میشود، متشکل از استراتژیهایی اسـت کـه از سـوی دولـت
برای حفاظت از منافع ملّی خود و برای رسیدن به اهداف خود در روابط بینالملل انتخاب شد .
لغات و اصطلاحات کاربردی علوم سیاسی
Tripartite power (Bodies/ Branch) Or Three Fold Power: گانه سه قوای
The Executive Power: مجریه قوه
The Legislative Power: مقننه قوه
قوه یقضا یه :The Judiciary Power
ئر یس قوه مجریه (رئیس جمهور) :President
ئر یس قوه مقننه (رئیس مجلس) :Parliament Speaker
ئر یس قوه قضاییه :Judiciary Chief
The Legislative Power:
قوه مقننه
مجلس :Parliament
دو مجلسی :Bicameral
US: congress: کنگره
UK: House of Common: عوام مجلس « 84» زبان تخصصی
مجلس سنا :US: Senate
UK: House of Lords: اعیان مجلس
Iran: Islamic consultative assembly: اسلامی شورای مجلس
Iran: (GC) the Guardians Council: نگهبان شورای
GC (the Guardians Council): نگهبان شورای
دبیر شورای نگهبان :GC Secretary
رئیس شورای نگهبان :GC Chairman
ناظر :Watchdog
ناظر :Supervisor
مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام :The (state) expediency Council
Assembly of the Experts: خبرگان مجلس
The Supreme Council of National Security: یّمل امنیت عالی شورای
UCO (Unity Consolidation Office): وحدت تحکیم دفتر
ائتلاف :Coalition
IRGC: Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps: اسلامی انقلاب پاسداران سپاه
The Late Founder of the Islamic Revolution: خمینی امام
The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution: انقلاب معظم رهبر
رئیس مجلس :Speaker
نایب رئیس مجلس :Vice-speaker
MP (Member of Parliament): مجلس نماینده
Law maker: قانونگذار
نماینده، عضو کنگره :(Congressman/ woman (US
نماینده :Deputy
نماینده (فلان شهر) مجلس :Representative of …
مجموعه سؤالات زبان تخصصی علوم سیاسی و روابط بین الملل
Dictatorship is a form of government in witch a person or group possesses absolute
power without effective constitutional limitations. The term dictatorship is derived from
the Latin title 'dictator', designating a magistrate who is given extraordinary powers for a
limited period in an emergency. The length of this dictator's rule was usually no more
than six months, and he was to promote public order or guarantee military security in a
situation of great social disturbance. At the conclusion of the stipulated period, the
'dictator' would relinquish his power and the former from of government would be
restored.
١. According to the passage, dictators
١. Can not remain in power for a long time.
٢. Can lengthen their ruler ship as long as required
٣. Are absolute needs if security is to be guaranteed
٤. Have the legal right to found a permanent government
٢. A magistrate is an official who….
١. Acts as a judge in the lowest courts
٢. Helps military attaches in charge of an army.
٣. Helps the ousted governments regain power
٤. Acts as an acting president for a short period
٣. After the time needed to promote public order or to guarantee social security,
the dictator……..
١. Should give up his grip on power
٢. Must present his cabinet to the parliament
٣. Should hand over the power to a new government
٤٫٢&٣زبان تخصصی «259»
An ideology begins with the belief that can be better than they are – it is basically a plan
to improve society. An ideology is a verbal image of the good society, and of the chief
means of constructing such a society. Followers of a given ideology argue that if their
plan is followed, things will be much better than they are at present. Political ideologies
then are not calm, rational attempts to understand political system. They rather,
commitments to change political systems
٤. The passage implies that when a political system is dominant, political
ideologies…..
١. try to reconstruct it
٢. attempt to consolidate it
٣. try to destabilize it for whatever the reason is
٤. target it and try to improve it for social betterment
٥. The pronoun they refers to …..
١. attempts
٢. followers
٣. political ideologies
٤. political systems
٦. ……. Violence is aimed at overthrowing or replacing an existing region.
١. separatists ٢. coups
٣. primordial ٤. revolutionary
٧. This term refers to any large – scale organization of appointed officials whose
primary function is to implement the policies of the decision makers.
١. civil service ٢. government
٣. bureaucracy ٤. union
٨. This term is the ability of a given leader to win obedience.
١. obligation ٢. weapon
٣. authority ٤. power
٩. The ………. Is the first hurdle in building a nation.
١. political crisis ٢. legitimacy crisis
٣. distribution crisis ٤. identity crisis «260» زبان تخصصی
١٠. The number of national actors is international politics has….
١. decreased ٢. increased
٣. redoubled ٤. raised
پاسخنامه
(3) گزینه -5 (4) گزینه -4 (1) گزینه -3 (1) گزینه -2 (1) گزینه -1
(2) گزینه -10 (4) گزینه -9 (3) گزینه -8 (3) گزینه -7 (2) گزینه -6
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زبان تخصصی
