فی توو

مرجع دانلود فایل ,تحقیق , پروژه , پایان نامه , فایل فلش گوشی

فی توو

مرجع دانلود فایل ,تحقیق , پروژه , پایان نامه , فایل فلش گوشی

BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Oil Refining Distillation Units, 2008

اختصاصی از فی توو BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Oil Refining Distillation Units, 2008 دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

88 صفحه pdf

BP Process Safety Series
Hazards of Oil Refining Distillation Units

A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Process description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Summary of main hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 When incidents occur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Chemical hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1 Hydrocarbons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Inorganic and other materials imported with crude oil . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 Other hazardous substances in common use on CDU/VDUs . . . 12
3 Physical hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1 Start-up and shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2 Normal operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3 Unit turnarounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4 Hazards relating to equipment failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.1 Columns and other process pressure vessels and piping . . . . . . 34
4.2 Desalters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.3 Fired heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.4 Rotating equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.5 Heat exchangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.6 Distillation column overfilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5 Safe operating practices and procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.1 Safe operating practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.2 Safe operating procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.3 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.4 Concept of safe operating envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

 Some serious incidents that have occurred
on CDU/VDUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.1 Fire and fatalities at Crude Unit tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.2 Electrocution incident on CDU desalter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
6.3 Hazards of water entering vacuum towers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
6.4 Hazards of atmospheric relief valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
6.5 Internal VDU tower fire during turnaround . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
6.6 Four fatalities during repair of piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
7 Self test questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
9 Incidents list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
10 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

 


دانلود با لینک مستقیم


BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Oil Refining Distillation Units, 2008

BP Process Safety Series Confined Space Entry A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2005

اختصاصی از فی توو BP Process Safety Series Confined Space Entry A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2005 دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

94 صفحه pdf

BP Process Safety Series Confined Space Entry

A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2005

سرفصلها:

1 Confined space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 What is a confined space? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Confined space locations in processing plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Hazards of confined spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5 Other dangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.6 Control of access to confined spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2 Confined Space Entry Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1 Confined Space Entry Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.3 Identification of a confined space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4 Confined space entry process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.5 Training and competence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.6 Common mistakes and pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3 Gas testing and PPE requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.1 Gas testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.2 Order of gas testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.3 Gas testing for oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.4 Gas testing for flammable vapours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.5 Gas testing for toxic vapours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.6 Calibration and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.7 Taking gas measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.8 Respiratory protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.9 Protective clothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.10 Common mistakes and pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4 Emergency rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.1 Rescue and emergency services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.2 Rescue team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4.3 Design of vessels to facilitate ease of rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4.4 Lifeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4.5 Standby person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
5 Some points to remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Test yourself! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Acronyms and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89


دانلود با لینک مستقیم


BP Process Safety Series Confined Space Entry A collection of booklets describing hazards and how to manage them, 2005