BS EN 27963:1992/ ISO 7963:1985

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14 صفحه pdf

BS EN 27963:1992/ ISO 7963:1985

Specification for Calibration block No. 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds

CALIBRATION AND MONITORING METHODS (C&M) FOR THE LIQUID XENON CALORIMETER AND FOR THE WHOLE MEG DETECTOR

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Xe calorimeter, wire-chamber spectrometer, timing counters

an updated discussion on:

 advantages, disadvantages, open problems, etc.

of proposed methods

Depth for dose calibration in high energy photon beams

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Abstract
Background and purpose: The normalisation depth for determination of output factors in photon fields has frequently been the depth of
dose maximum. At high energies the contribution from contaminating electrons is significant at dose maximum and is critically dependent
on the beam geometry parameters, which is why a larger depth should be preferred.
Materials and methods: The effect of electron contamination was studied using a purging magnet to remove charged particles from the
treatment head and a helium bag to minimise production between the head and the phantom.
Results: A depth of 10 cm was found to be beyond the range of the contaminating electrons for photon energies up to 20 MV
(TPR$ = 0.772). However, at 50 MV (TPR:: = 0.810) contaminating electrons contribute 2-3% to the absorbed dose at 10 cm depth.
ConcZusions: 10 cm is recommended as both reference and normalisation depth for all megavoltage photon beam qualities, i.e. 6oCo and
X-rays from accelerators up to 50 MV. 0 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.

Reservoir Permeability Determination Using After-Closure Period Analysis of Calibration Tests

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مقاله SPE شماره 70062