Dictionary of Idioms and their Origins

اختصاصی از فی توو Dictionary of Idioms and their Origins دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

فرهنگ لغات و اصطلاحات ومنشا آن

Organs at risk in the brain and their dose-constraints in adults and in children: A radiation oncologist’s guide for delineatio

اختصاصی از فی توو Organs at risk in the brain and their dose-constraints in adults and in children: A radiation oncologist’s guide for delineation in everyday practice دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

Purpose: Accurate organs at risk definition is essential for radiation treatment of brain tumors. The aim of this study is to provide a stepwise and simplified contouring guide to delineate the OARs in the brain as it would be done in the everyday practice of planning radiotherapy for brain cancer treatment.
Methods: Anatomical descriptions and neuroimaging atlases of the brain were studied. The dosimetric
constraints used in literature were reviewed.
Results: A Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging based detailed atlas was developed jointly by radiation oncologists, a neuroradiologist and a neurosurgeon. For each organ brief anatomical notion, main radiological reference points and useful considerations are provided.
Recommended dose-constraints both for adult and pediatric patients were also provided.
Conclusions: This report provides guidelines for OARs delineation and their dose-constraints for the treatment planning of patients with brain tumors.

Radiotherapy atlasوOrgans at riskوBrain contouring atlasوNormal tissueوDose-constraintsوOptic chiasm