پروژه پایانی (به زبان انگلیسی) با عنوان تاثیر محیط فروشگاه بر مشتری در فروشگاه ایکیا در بیش از40 صفحه پی دی اف

اختصاصی از فی توو پروژه پایانی (به زبان انگلیسی) با عنوان تاثیر محیط فروشگاه بر مشتری در فروشگاه ایکیا در بیش از40 صفحه پی دی اف دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

پایان نامه (به زبان انگلیسی) با عنوان پذیرش اسناد و سیستم الکترونیک بیماران در بیمارستان در بیش از117صفحه پی دی اف

اختصاصی از فی توو پایان نامه (به زبان انگلیسی) با عنوان پذیرش اسناد و سیستم الکترونیک بیماران در بیمارستان در بیش از117صفحه پی دی اف دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

مجموعه مقالات (فارسی و انگلیسی) در مورد آزمون TOEFL iBT - به همراه نمونه سوالات و آشنایی کامل با سبک آزمون تافل

اختصاصی از فی توو مجموعه مقالات (فارسی و انگلیسی) در مورد آزمون TOEFL iBT - به همراه نمونه سوالات و آشنایی کامل با سبک آزمون تافل دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

در این پست قصد داریم اطلاعات جامعی رو در مورد آزمون تافل در اختیار شما قرار بدیم. که شمارو از خوندن و جستجوی مطالب مختلف که گاها خالی از اشکال و بی دقتی نیستند، بی نیاز می کنه. به این منظور کامل ترین و در عین حال به طور مختصر مقاله هایی (فارسی و انگلیسی) رو در این مورد انتخاب کردیم. به همراه نمونه سوال سال های اخیر آزمون تافل برای آشنایی با سبک آزمون، زمانبندی بخش های مختلف و سوال های احتمالیی که ممکنه براتون پیش بیاد و در مقاله ی فارسی پاسختون رو نگرفته باشید. باز هم مثل همیشه، مهمترین فایل ها که خوندنشون ضروری هستند و با خوندن اون ها میشه گفت استفاده ی لازم رو بردید، با علامت + در ابتدای نام فایل ها مشخص کردیم.

در ادامه چند سطر از یکی از این مقاله ها قابل مشاهده است:

آزمون تافل چیست؟

تافل ( TOEFL ) مخفف عبارت  Test of English as a Foreign Language به معنای «آزمون انگلیسی به عنوان یک زبان خارجی» می باشد. تافل یک آزمون جـامع زبان انگلیسی(آمریکائی – American English) برای غیرانگلیسی زبانان است. آزمونی معتبر در سطح جهانی که مورد تایید بیش از 7500 کالج و دانشگاه و سایر مراکز آموزشی در بیش از 130 کشور جهان است. آزمون تافل (TOEFL) توسط سرویس سنجش تحصیلی (ETS) دانشگاه پرینستون (Princeton) در 165 کشور از جمله ایران   برگزار می شود.
میانگین  سطح  مهارت های زبان مورد آزمو ن بین متوسط(Intermediate)  و پیشرفته(Advanced)  می باشد.
آزمون تافل در کل  به سه شکل برگزار می شود:
تافل CBT) Computer- based Test dh) یا تافل کامپیوتری: که در ایران برگزار نمی شود .
تافل PBT) - Paper-based Test) یا تافل کتبی / کاغذی: که سالی شش بار در کشورهای مختلف منجمله ایران برگزار می شود
تافل iBT) Internet-based Test) یا تافل اینترنتی: شیوه ی رایج آزمون تافل به حساب می آید و سالی  30 تا 40 بار  در کشورهای مختلف از جمله  ایران برگزار می شود.
هزینه ی آزمون تافل کتبی/ کاغذی  در ایران برای سال 2011 میلادی  160 دلار و تافل اینترنتی 190 دلار آمریکا است. امسال هزینه ی این آزمون به 210 دلار در حدود 750 هزار تومان، رسیده است.
نمره قبولی  کسب شده در آزمون  تافل  به مدت دو سال دارای اعتبار می باشد.

کتابچه ای در باره ردیابیها(زبان انگلیسی)

اختصاصی از فی توو کتابچه ای در باره ردیابیها(زبان انگلیسی) دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

کتابچه ای کم حجم درباره روشهای ردیابی

تحقیق در مورد(به زبان انگلیسی) Engine

اختصاصی از فی توو تحقیق در مورد(به زبان انگلیسی) Engine دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

ینک پرداخت و دانلود *پایین مطلب*

فرمت فایل:Word (قابل ویرایش و آماده پرینت)

تعداد صفحه:7

فهرست:

Engine development

Pollution concerns

Air-breathing engines

Increasing power

Combustion efficiency

Examples

Environmental effects

Air quality

[edit] Sound levels

Engine

An engine is a mechanical device that produces some form of output from a given input.

An engine whose purpose is to produce kinetic energy output from a fuel source is called a prime mover; alternatively, a motor is a device which produces kinetic energy from other forms of energy (such as electricity, a flow of hydraulic fluid or compressed air).

A motor car (automobile) has a starter motor and motors to drive pumps (fuel, power steering, etc) – but the power plant that propels the car is called an engine. The term 'motor' was originally used to distinguish the new internal combustion engine -powered vehicles from earlier vehicles powered by a steam engine (as in steam roller and motor roller).

Military engines included siege engines, large catapults, trebuchets and battering rams.

The usage of the term "Engine"

Originally an engine was a mechanical device that converted force into motion. Military devices such as catapults are referred to as siege engines. The term "gin" as in cotton gin is recognised as a short form of the Old French word engin, in turn from the Latin ingenium, related to ingenious. Most devices used in the industrial revolution were referred to as an engine, and this is where the steam engine gained its name.

In more modern usage, the term is used to describe devices that perform mechanical work, follow-ons to the original steam engine. In most cases the work is supplied by exerting a torque, which is used to operate other machinery, generate electricity, pump water or compressed gas. In the context of propulsion systems, an air-breathing engine is one that uses atmospheric air to oxidise the fuel carried, rather than carrying an oxidiser, as in a rocket.

The term is used in computer science in "search engine", "3-D graphics game engine", "rendering engine" and "text-to-speech engine", even though these "engines" are not mechanical and cause no mechanical action (this usage may have been inspired by the "difference engine", an early mechanical computing device[citation needed]).

Antiquity

Simple machines, such as club and oar (examples of the lever), are prehistoric. More complex engines using human power, animal power, water power, wind power and even steam power date back to antiquity. Human power was focused by the use of simple engines, such as the capstan, windlass or treadmill, and with ropes, pulleys, and block and tackle arrangements, this power was transmitted and multiplied. These were used in cranes and aboard ships in Ancient Greece, and in mines, water pumps and siege engines in Ancient Rome. The writers of those times, including Vitruvius, Frontinus and Pliny the Elder, treat these engines as commonplace, so their invention may be far more ancient. By the 1st century AD, various breeds of cattle and horses were used in mills, using machines similar to those powered by humans in earlier times.

According to Strabo, a water powered mill was built in Kaberia in the kingdom of Mithridates in the 1st century BC. Use of water wheels in mills spread throughout the Roman Empire over the next few centuries. Some were quite complex, with aqueducts, dams, and sluices to maintain and channel the water, and systems of gears, or toothed-wheels made of wood with metal, used to regulate the speed of rotation. In a poem by Ausonius in the 4th century, he mentions a stone-cutting saw powered by water. Hero of Alexandria demonstrated both wind and steam powered machines in the 1st century, although it is not known if these were put to any use.

Medieval

During the Muslim Agricultural Revolution from the 7th to 13th centuries, Muslim engineers developed numerous innovative industrial uses of hydropower, early industrial uses of tidal power, wind power, and fossil fuels such as petroleum, and the earliest large factory complexes (tiraz in Arabic).[1] The industrial uses of watermills in the Islamic world date back to the 7th century, while horizontal-wheeled and vertical-wheeled water mills were both in widespread use since at least the 9th century. A variety of industrial mills were invented in the Islamic world, including fulling mills, gristmills, hullers, paper mills, sawmills, ship mills, stamp mills, steel mills, sugar refineries, tide mills, and windmills. By the 11th century, every province throughout the Islamic world had these industrial mills in operation, from the Middle East and Central Asia to al-Andalus and North Africa.[2]

Muslim engineers also invented crankshafts and water turbines, employed gears in mills and water-raising machines, and pioneered the use of dams as a source of water power to provide additional power to watermills and water-raising machines.[3] Such advances made it possible for many industrial tasks that were previously driven by manual labour in ancient times to be mechanized and driven by machinery to some extent in the medieval Islamic world. The transfer of these technologies to medieval Europe later laid the foundations for the Industrial Revolution in 18th century Europe.[2]

In 1206, al-Jazari invented the crankshaft and connecting rod, and employed them in a crank-connecting rod system for two of his water-raising machines. His invention of the crankshaft is considered one of the most important mechanical inventions after the wheel, as it transforms continuous rotary motion into a linear reciprocating motion, and is central to modern machinery such as the steam engine and the internal combustion engine.[4] In 1551, Taqi al-Din invented a practical steam turbine as a prime mover for rotating a spit. A similar steam turbine later appeared in Europe a century later, which eventually led to the steam engine and Industrial Revolution in 18th century Europe.[5]